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BA6110FS
Standard ICs
Voltage controlled operational amplifier
BA6110FS
The BA6110FS is a low-noise, low-offset programmable operational amplifier. Offering superb linearity over a broad range, this IC is designed so that the forward direction conductivity (gm) can be changed, making it ideal for applications such as voltage control amplifiers (VCA), voltage control filters (VCF) and voltage control oscillators (VCO). Distortion reduction circuitry improves the signal-to-noise ratio by a significant 10dB at a distortion rate of 0.5% in comparison with products not equipped with this feature. When used as a voltage control amplifier (VCA), a high S / N ratio of 86dB can be achieved at a distortion rate of 0.5%. The open loop gain is determined by the control current and an attached gain determining resistance RL, enabling a wide range of settings. In addition, a built-in low-impedance output buffer circuit reduces the number of attachments.
!Applications Electronic volume controls Voltage-controlled impedances Voltage-controlled amplifiers (VCA) Voltage-controlled filters (VCF) Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO) Multipliers Sample holds Schmitt triggers !Features 1) Low distortion rate. (built-in distortion reduction bias diode) 2) Low noise. 3) Low offset voltage. (VIO = 3m VMax). !Block diagram
BUFFER INPUT VCA OUTPUT
4) Built-in output buffer. 5) Variable gm with superb linearity across three decade fields.
BA6110FS
BUFFER OUTPUT
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
1/2 - BUFFER
+
1/2 VCC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
N.C.
N.C.
INPUT BIAS
N.C.
POSITIVE INPUT
NEGATIVE INPUT
CONTROL INPUT
N.C.
- VEE
9 8
N.C.
N.C.
N.C.
VCC
BA6110FS
Standard ICs
!Internal circuit configuration
11 OUT
12 Buffer IN 15 VCC
Current mirror (1)
Current mirror (2)
Current mirror (4)
R4
R5 14 Buffer OUT
Positive input 1 D1 D2 Negative input 3
Current mirror (3)
Q13
Q14 Q17 Q18
R1 5 Input bias Q1 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q4 Q6 Q9 Q10 Q12 Q7 Q8 Q11
R2
R3
Current mirror (5)
Q15
Q16 9 VEE
Control pin 7
Fig.1
!Absolute maximum ratings (Ta = 25C)
Parameter Power supply voltage Power dissipation Operating temperature Storage temperature Maximum control current Symbol VCC Pd Topr Tstg IC Max. Limits 34 3001 - 20 ~ + 70 - 55 ~ + 125 500 Unit V mW C C A
*1 Reduced by 3mW for each increase in Ta of 1C each 25C.
!Electrical characteristics (unless otherwise noted, Ta = 25C, VCC = 15V, VEE = - 15V)
Parameter
Quiescent current Pin 7 bias current Distortion Forward transmission conductance Pin 6 maximum output voltage Pin 8 maximum output voltage Pin 6 maximum output current Residual noise 1 Residual noise 2 Discontinuous noise Leakage level
Symbol IQ I7PIN THD gm | VOM6 | | VOM8 | | IOM6 | VN1 VN2 VNP2 L (Leak)
Min. 0.9 -- --
Typ. 3.0 0.8 0.2
Max. 6.0 5 1
Unit A % s V V A
Conditions
Measurement circuit
mA ICONTROL = 0A -- ICONTROL = 200A, VI = 5mVrms ICONTROL = 500A ICONTROL = 500A RL = 47k ICONTROL = 500A
Fig.2 Fig.2 Fig.2 Fig.2 Fig.2 Fig.2 Fig.2 Fig.2 Fig.2 Fig.2 Fig.2
4800 8000 12000 12 9 300 -- -- -- -- 14 11 500 - 94 - 74 10.5 - 94 -- -- 650 - 90 - 66 11.5 - 75
ICONTROL = 0A, BPF dBm (30 ~ 320kHz, 3dB, 6dB / OCT) dBm dB dBm ICONTROL = 200A, BPF (30 ~ 20kHz, 3dB, 6dB / OCT) ICONTROL = 200A, BPF (30 ~ 20kHz, 3dB, 6dB / OCT) ICONTROL = 0A, VIN = - 30dBm fIN = 20kHz
BA6110FS
Standard ICs
!Measurement circuit
S4 27k 10F
+
D.V
mA S5 11 12 1 15 1 30 ~ 20kHz BPF 1 S0
VCC = + 10V
1k 1 2 S1
V 600 3 1k
S6-2 2
BA6110FS
14 5 9 2 1 S2 1V 3 S3 3 2 7 1 S7 47k
2 S6-1
V.V THD DV
500A
200A
1
2 150k 40dB AMP
VEE = - 10V Vmp
Fig.2
!Circuit discription The BA6110FS is configured of an operational amplifier which can control the forward propagation conductance (gm) using the control current, an input biascompensating diode used to eliminate distortion created by the amplifier's differential input, a bias setter, and an output buffer. In the operational amplifier, Pin 1 is the positive input and Pin 3 is the negative input. Pin 7 is the control pin which determines the differential current. Pin 11 is the output pin which determines the open loop gain using the external resistor and the control current. This section describes the circuit operation of this operational amplifier. Transistors Q13 and Q14 form the differential input for the operational amplifier, while transistors Q7 to Q12 are composed of the current mirror circuits. The current mirror absorbs current from the differential input common emitter which is equal to the control current flowing into the Pin 7 control pin. If the differential input VIN = 0 at this point, then 1 / 2 Ic is supplied to the Q13 and Q14 collectors and the other half passes through the current mirrors (3) and (4). The output of current mirror (3) which is the differential active load is inverted by current mirror (5), and is balanced with the output of current mirror (4), also an active load. If the differential input changes, the current balance changes. The output current is on Pin 11. An output voltage can be generated using an external resistance.
For the open loop gain of this operational amplifier, if the Pin 7 control current is ICONTROL and the Pin 11 external resistance is RO, then:
Av = gm * RO = ICONTROL x RO KT 2q
To eliminate the distortion created by the differential input, the input bias diode and its bias circuit consist of the following: bias diodes D1 and D2, current mirrors (1) and (2), and the Pin 5 bias pin current mirror that consists of the transistors Q1 to Q6 and the resistance R1. This circuit eliminates the distortion that occurs as a result of using the differential input open loop. In the buffer circuit, Pin 12 is the buffer input and Pin 14 is the buffer output. In the buffer circuit, the emitter follower consists of the active load of the NPN transistor, Q17, and its active load, Q16. The VF difference created by the emitter follower is eliminated by the emitter follower which consists of the PNP transistor Q18 and resistor R5. Also, the gain is determined by the ratio of the signal source resistance RIN and the diode impedance.
BA6110FS
Standard ICs
!Attached components (1) Positive input (Pin 1) This is the differential positive input pin. To minimize the distortion due to the diode bias, an input resistor is connected in series with the signal source. By increasing the input resistance, distortion is minimized. However, the degree of improvement for resistances greater than 10k is about the same. An input resistance of 1k to 20k is recommended. (2) Negative input (Pin 3) This is the differential negative input pin. It is grounded with roughly the same resistance value as that of the positive input pin. The offset adjustment is also connected to this pin. Make sure a sufficiently high resistance is used, so as not to disturb the balance of the input resistance (see Figure 3). (3) Input bias diode (Pin 5) The input bias diode current (ID) is determined by this pin. The IC input impedance when the diode is biased, if the diode bias current is ID, is expressed as follows:
Rd = 26 ID (mA) ()
By changing the ICONTROL current on Pin 7, the differential gain can be changed. The gain (AV), if the resistance of Pin 11 is RO, is determined by the following equation:
Av = gm * RO = ICONTROL (mA) x RO 52 (mV)
Good linearity can be achieved when controlling over three decades. By connecting Pin 5 to the VCC by way of a resistor, the input is biased at the diode and distortion is reduced. The gain in this case is given by the diode impedance Rd and the ratio of the input resistance RIN, as shown in the following:
Av = gm * RO x Rd Rd x RIN
(4) Control (Pin 7) This pin controls the differential current. By changing the current which flows into this pin, the gain of the differential amplifier can be changed. (5) Output (Pin 11) The differential amplifier gain (AV) is determined by the resistor RO connected between the output terminal and the Pin 7 control terminal, as follows:
Av = gm * RO = ICONTROL (mA) x RO 52 (mV)
Make sure the resistor is selected based on the desired maximum output and gain. (6) Buffer input (Pin 12) The buffer input consists of the PNP and NPN emitter follower. The bias current is normally about 0.8A. Consequently, when used within a small region of control current, we recommend using the high input impedance FET buffer. (7) Buffer output resistance (Pin 14) An 11k resistor is connected between VCC and the output within the IC. When adding an external resistance between the GND and the output, make sure the resistor RL = 33k.
The diode impedance Rd = (26 / ID (mA) ) , so that the Pin 5 bias current ID = (VCC - 1V) / R (Pin 5). The graph in Fig. 6 shows the control current in relation to the open loop gain at the diode bias. In the same way, Fig.7 shows the control current in relation to the THD = 0.5% output at the bias point. Fig. 8 shows a graph of the control current in relation to the open gain with no diode bias. Fig. 9 shows a graph of the control current in relation to the SN ratio. Fig. 10 shows a graph of the diode bias current in relation to the SN ratio. Fig. 11 shows a graph of the power supply voltage characteristics. (2) Fig. 4 shows a low pass filter as an example of an application of the BA6110FS. The cutoff frequency fO can be changed by changing the Pin 7 control current. The cutoff frequency fO is expressed as:
fO = RA * gm (R + RA) 2C
This is attenuated by -6dB / OCT. Fig. 12 shows a graph of the ICONTROL in relation to the output characteristics. (3) Fig. 5 shows a voltage-controlled secondary low passfilter as an example of an application of the BA6110FS. The cutoff frequency fO can be changed by changing thePin 7 control current.
fO = RA * gm (R + RA) * 2C
!Application example (1) Fig.3 shows a voltage-controlled amplifier (AM modulation) as an example of an application of the BA6110FS.
This is attenuated by - 12dB / OCT. Fig. 13 shows a graph of the ICONTROL output characteristic.
BA6110FS
Standard ICs
VCC = 15V VIN 150k 5 RIN 10k 1 15
I0
330k 100k VR (Offset adjustment) RIN 10k
3
BA6110FS
7 12 11 9
OUT 14
ICONTROL 30k
R0 = 27k
VEE = - 15V
Fig.3 Voltage-controlled amplifier (electronic volume control)
VCC = 15V VIN 20k 7 1 200 IC VC 15 100k
BA6110FS
3 5 12 11 150pF R 100k 9
14 OUT
VEE = - 15V
Fig.4 Voltage control low pass filter
VCC 15V ICONTROL VC 20k 100k VIN 200 3 11 9 5 100k RA 200 R C 100pF VEE 15V RA 200 12
100k
15 1 7
100k
15 1 200 3 11 9 R 5 2C 200pF 12 7
BA6110FS
14
BA6110FS
14
V
Fig.5 Voltage-controlled secondary low pass filter
BA6110FS
Standard ICs
!Electrical characteristic curves
VCC = 15V VEE = - 15V RIN = 10k ID = 200A 20 10 0 - 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 2 5 10 20
VIN
For diode bias of 200A
10
OUTPUT VOLTAGE: VO (Vrms)
OPEN LOOP GAIN: GV (dB)
R0 = 50k R0 = 27k
OPEN LOOP GAIN: GV (dB)
VCC = 15V With diode bias VEE = - 15V RIN = 10k 5 ID = 200A R0 = 27k fin = 1kHz R0 = 50k 2 Output when THD = 0.5% 1
VCC = 15V VEE = - 15V RIN = 10k Io = 0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
No diode bias R0 = 270k R0 = 50k
0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 1 2 5 10 20
R0 = 10k
R0 = 10k
ID 200A + 15V ICONTROL
+
-
R0 = 27k R0 = 10k
10k
VO
R0 = 27k
15V
AV VO VIN
50 100 200 500 1000
50 100 200
5001000
- 10 1
2
5
10 20
50 100 200
500 1000
CONTROL CURRENT: ICONTROL (A)
CONTROL CURRENT: ICONTROL (A)
CONTROL CURRENT: ICONTROL (A)
Fig.6 Open loop gain control current characteristics
Fig.7 THD 0.5% output control current characteristics
Fig.8 Open loop gain control current characteristics
MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE: VOM (V)
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO: S / N (dB)
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO: S / N (dB)
80
VCC = 15V NOISE B.P.F20 ~ 20kHz SN ratio when THD = 0.5% VEE = - 15V RIN = 10k RO = 27k ID = 200A fin = 1kHz
ICONTROL = 200A
RIN = 50k 80 ICONTROL = 500A
RIN = 10k 70
RIN = 2k VCC = 15V VEE = - 15V RO = 27k fin = 1kHz NOISE B.P.F20Hz ~ 20kHz ICONTROL = 200A SN ratio when THD = 0.5% 50 100 200 500 1mA
70
IO = 0
60 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1mA
60 5 10 20
15 12 R0 = Pin 8 voltage 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 - 10 - 12 - 14 2 4 6 8
VOM
VOM
10 12 14
CONTROL CURRENT: ICONTROL (A)
BIAS CURRENT: ID (A)
POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE: VCC (V)
Fig.9 SN ratio vs. control current
Fig.10 SN ratio vs. diode bias current
Fig.11 Maximum output voltage vs. power supply voltage
VCC = 15V VEE = - 15V 6pin C = 150pF
VOLTAGE GAIN: GV (dB)
VCC = 15V VEE = - 15V
VOLTAGE GAIN: GV (dB)
0 -4 -8 - 12 - 16 - 20 - 24 - 28 100 200 500 1k 2k ICONTROL = 10A 6dB / OCT
ICONTROL = 100A
0 -4 -8 - 12 - 16 - 20 - 24 - 28 ICONTROL = 10A - 12dB / OCT
ICONTROL = 100A
5k 10k 20k 50k 100k
100 200 500 1k 2k
5k 10k 20k 50k 100k
FREQUENCY: f (Hz)
FREQUENCY: f (Hz)
Fig.12 Low pass filter characteristics
Fig.13 Secondary low pass filter characteristics
BA6110FS
Standard ICs
!External dimensions (Units : mm)
BA6110FS
6.6 0.2 16 9
6.2 0.3
4.4 0.2
1.5 0.1
1
8
0.11
0.8
0.36 0.1
0.3Min. 0.15
SSOP-A16
0.15 0.1

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